Integrasi Agama dalam Kesehatan Mental: Tinjauan Sistematis atas Mekanisme Protektif dan Pendekatan Islamic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy di Indonesia

Abstract

Mental health represents an urgent global crisis, with over one billion people living with mental disorders and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Indonesia rising significantly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the role of religion—particularly Islam—as a protective and therapeutic factor in mental health through a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework. Thematic analysis of 48 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct identified eight core themes: meaning in life, religious coping, communal social support, salat, Ramadan fasting, dhikr, Islamic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ICBT), and the negative dimensions of religiosity. Findings indicate that religiosity is significantly associated with reduced depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as enhanced psychological well-being. ICBT has demonstrated effectiveness in randomized controlled trials. However, negative religious coping may exacerbate mental health conditions. The development of culturally and spiritually responsive mental health services is needed for Indonesian Muslim communities.